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Summer Care of Roses

Source: Jackson and Perkins Inc.

Your roses have been planted, nurtured and have exploded into full bloom. Now what? Most reference
books cover planting, pruning, and even pest control, quite thoroughly. These are certainly the most
frequently asked questions about rose care. But what about midsummer maintenance? It's a topic
commonly overlooked but very important for continuous bloom and plant vigor. Here are a few tips for
keeping the bloom explosion going all summer.

Deadheading:
Most modern roses, even some heirloom varieties, will bloom all summer if properly groomed.
"Deadheading" refers to the process of removing old or spend flowers from the bush. Whether you've
been cutting the flowers to enjoy indoors or have left them on the bush to beautify the garden, proper
trimming ensures strong reblooming. By deadheading roses instead of allowing them to form seed
hips, you're signalling the plant to produce more flowers. It's also a way to continually prune and shape
the plant.

Rose leaves develop in sets of three, five, even seven or nine leaflets. Notice the five leaflet leaves;
these are where you'll want to prune. Cut 1/4" above a five-leaflet leaf, leaving at least two sets of leaflets
on the stem from which you're cutting. Pick a leaf that faces outward to cut above and make the cut at an
angle sloping downward toward the center of the bush. Also, be sure to cut stems back to wood strong
enough to support a new rose — at least pencil-thick is a good guide. If stems are too small they will
either "go blind" (won't produce a bloom) or will be unable to support the bloom's weight.

Fertilizing:
While most rose gardeners fertilize in the spring when growth begins, midsummer feeding sometimes
gets overlooked. Roses are heavy feeders — it takes a lot of energy to produce all those large,
magnificent blooms! Many different fertilizers do the job — you can choose from granular, liquid, organic
or slow-release. While each formula has its advantages, keep in mind that roses prefer a fairly
balanced fertilizer where the N-P-K (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) ratios are fairly even (i.e. 15-15-
15 or 5-10-5). High-nitrogen fertilizers without enough phosphorus and potassium, such as lawn
fertilizers, will produce lush green foliage while sacrificing blooms.

You can combine deadheading and fertilizing, since they should both be done about every 4-6 weeks.
Hybrid tea and floribunda roses produce new blooms 5-6 weeks after deadheading, while miniatures
and shrubs will recycle in about 4-5 weeks.

pH:
pH measures the acidity (or alkalinity) of your soil. It's an important consideration because of its affect
on fertilizer. If soil is overly acidic or alkaline, then nutrients might be "tied up" in the soil and won't be
available to the plant, no matter how much fertilizer you apply. Roses prefer slightly acidic soils (pH of
6.5-7.0). Since some fertilizers can acidify the soil and since some areas have alkaline water, it's a good
idea to check your soil pH and adjust accordingly by adding garden lime (dolomitic lime works well) if
too acid, aluminum sulfate or acidifying fertilizer if too alkaline. Adding more organic matter (compost,
peat moss, decomposed bark, etc.) to the soil also helps to stabilize the effects of low or high pH.  Bring
in a soil sample to Abby’s and we’ll test the pH for you.

Watering:
Roses like a good, deep soak to promote deep rooting and they will actually develop drought tolerance if
established this way. Frequent light waterings promote shallow roots that will depend on frequent
watering. Applying the water slowly with soaker hoses or drip irrigation allows the water to soak in rather
than running off, keeps water off the foliage (wet leaves spread fungal diseases), and reduces the
puddling, which can cause clay soils to form a hard surface less permeable to water. Mulching helps by
reducing evaporation, retaining moisture, and preventing the soil surface from caking. If you use
overhead watering, do it in the morning so that the foliage will have plenty of time to dry off before
nighttime. Roots need air as well as water, so don't keep the soil continually soaked. Allow the top inch
to dry off before watering again.

Pests and Diseases:
Early detection and prevention keep these problems under control. While good things come in threes,
so do bad. Since aphids are mainly a spring pest, the "Big Three" summer pests are thrips, spider
mites, and in the eastern and southern United States, Japanese Beetles.

Thrips mainly attack rose blooms, especially whites and yellows, and mites attack foliage, turning
leaves a mottled brown and leaving their tell-tale fine webbing. If detected early, these pests can be
controlled with one or two sprays of an organic or chemical remedy. An initial control for both mites and
aphids is a wash with a jet of water from the garden hose. Depending on the severity and timing,
Japanese beetles can be picked off, sprayed or trapped. If trapping, place traps away from your roses
so they won't be attracted to them.

The "Big Three" of rose diseases are blackspot, powdery mildew and rust, all of which are types of
fungus. Blackspot occurs during humid or rainy weather or where watering (especially overhead) is
excessive. Powdery mildew prefers warm days and cool nights, crowded plantings or damp, shady
areas. Rust develops on moist foliage, so areas with heavy dew or fog are prone to this disease. Proper
rose culture, including plenty of sun, sufficient air circulation, proper watering and sanitation (disposing
of old leaves and other debris) will minimize all three disease problems, but they may still occur. If
detected early and treated with a fungicide (organic or chemical), none of these will spread out of control.

Whatever spray you use for pest or disease control, always be sure to follow the directions on the label!
This applies to organics as well as chemical sprays. Even organics can be toxic if used incorrectly.
Please speak to the experts at Abby’;s before buying and/or using any chemicals on your Roses or
anywhere in your garden if you are unsure of what to apply or how to apply it.

Winter Care of Roses

If you live in Zones 1 through 6 and parts of 7 (Long Island is 6-7), you will need to protect your roses
from the damaging effects of harsh winters. Most of all, remember that healthy roses are stronger -
fertilizing and watering regularly during the growing season will make your plants better able to
withstand harsh winters

August:
Fertilize and deadhead for the last time.

October and November:
Depending on where you live and how soon fall and winter comes, you'll want to start protecting your
roses for the winter. Once you have had a few good frosts, leaves will start falling. Apply a dormant spray
such as lime sulfur and/or spray oil. This will kill pests and fungal diseases that might try to overwinter
on the plant or surrounding soil. It can also help nudge those final leaves off. Rake leaves from around
your plants to prevent the spread of diseases.

Zones 1-6 and some of Zone 7should follow these additional winter protection guidelines: For Hybrid
Teas and Floribundas: Cover the crowns with a mound of soil about 6" high, then cover the plants and
mound with straw. Don't prune your roses at this time, unless there is a concern that canes and
branches could be broken when loaded with snow.Tree Roses: In areas where winter temperatures are
below 10°F., remove any stakes and gently dig away soil on one side. Bend your tree rose downward to
the ground and cover it with straw first, then soil.Climbing and Groundcover Roses: Cover the base of
your climbers with soil. Tie the canes and wrap them in burlap. For severe-winter areas, anchor the
canes to the ground and cover them with straw. In Zones 7-8:Protection is usually not necessary, but
roses can benefit from applying mulch over the crown area if a cold winter is forecasted.

December and January:

Late winter – This is the time to prune your roses - killing freezes have passed and the roses are just
starting to break dormancy (buds are swelling).

Water your roses if there is no rain or snow for more than two weeks, to keep roses healthy and prevent
them from drying out. Be sure to remove the soil mound and any other protective covering when buds
begin to swell in spring.
Roses - Care and Feeding, Troubleshooting
Abby's Parkside Nursery & Florist, Inc.